Stigma resistance at the personal, peer, and public levels: A new conceptual model.

Ruth L. Firmin · Lauren Luther · Paul Henry Lysaker · Kyle S. Minor · John H. McGrew · Madison N. Cornwell +1 more

60 citations0/0 files storedStigma and Health

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Mental Health Treatment and Access Mental Health and Patient Involvement Gender Roles and Identity Studies

Abstract

Stigma resistance is consistently linked with key recovery outcomes, yet theoretical work is limited. This study explored stigma resistance from the perspective of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Twenty-four individuals with SMI who were either peer-service providers (those with lived experience providing services; N = 14) or consumers of mental health services (N = 10) engaged in semistructured interviews regarding experiences with stigma, self-stigma, and stigma resistance, including key elements of this process and examples of situations in which they resisted stigma. Stigma resistance is an ongoing, active process that involves using one’s experiences, knowledge, and sets of skills at the (1) personal, (2) peer, and (3) public levels. Stigma resistance at the personal level involves (a) not believing stigma or catching and challenging stigmatizing thoughts, (b) empowering oneself by learning about mental health and recovery, (c) maintaining one’s recovery and proving stigma wrong, and (d) developing a meaningful identity apart from mental illness. Stigma resistance at the peer level involves using one’s experiences to help others fight stigma and at the public level, resistance involved (a) education, (b) challenging stigma, (c) disclosing one’s lived experience, and (d) advocacy work. Findings present a more nuanced conceptualization of resisting stigma, grounded in the experiences of people with SMI. Stigma resistance is an ongoing, active process of using one’s experiences, skills, and knowledge to develop a positive identity. Interventions should consider focusing on personal stigma resistance early on and increasing the incorporation of peers into services.

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2005How Many Interviews Are Enough?1989Designing qualitative research 2001Conceptualizing Stigma 2004How stigma interferes with mental health care.2002The Paradox of Self-Stigma and Mental Illness 2010Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis 2005Mental illness stigma: Concepts, consequences, and initiatives to reduce stigma 2003Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure

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