Separate But Superior? A Review of Issues and Data Bearing on Single-Sex Education

Abstract

Public education in the United States evolved from single-sex to coeducational settings late in the 19 th century.Single-sex schools then existed only as independent or church-affiliated schools.In 1972 the passage of Title IX legislation promoting gender equity made it illegal to create new single-sex public schools and classes, except in rare circumstances to remedy prior discrimination.Existing single-sex schools were permitted to continue and some courses-human sexuality and chorus, for example-as well as contact sports were allowed to remain single sex.Attempts in the 1990s to pass legislation permitting single-sex schools failed until the 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (No Child Left Behind).The U.S. Department of Education proposed new regulations to govern the legality of single-sex schools and classes in March, 2004.The proposed regulations drew much negative comment and as of September, 2006, have not been implemented.Multiple theoreticians give multiple rationales for the alleged superiority of single-sex settings.Single-sex education is variously seen as a means:

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