Thickness determination of gold layer on pre‐Columbian objects and a gilding frame, combining pXRF and PLS regression

Fábio Luiz Melquíades · Carlos Roberto Appoloni · Roberto Cesareo · M. A. Rizzutto · Tiago Fiorini da Silva

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis

Abstract

In conservation, restoration and characterization studies of art and archaeological objects, the improvement of analytical techniques is a tendency. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is a versatile technique, and it has been widely used in the last decades for characterization of a great variety of materials (metals, glass, paints, inks, ceramics, etc.) applied to cultural heritage studies. Besides the chemical composition, it is possible to infer the layer thickness through XRF, enabling a general knowledge of the manufacturing techniques implemented by the culture of origin, as well as the association with the technological level reached for the production of each kind of artefact. The aim of this study is to introduce an alternative way for gold thickness determination of coatings in cultural heritage objects, combining portable XRF data and partial least square regression. As a case of study, we present the use of this methodology in portable XRF measurements performed in situ on a gilding frame in Brazil and in two pre‐Columbian artefacts from Chavin culture in Peru. Gold layers with thicknesses determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were used as standards to perform a calibration model and to check the methodology before its application to unknown artefacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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References

1998Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics 2008A portable instrument for in situ determination of the chemical and phase compositions of cultural heritage objects 2008The Vercelli Gospels laid open: an investigation into the inks used to write the oldest Gospels in Latin 2008A remote controlled XRF system for field analysis of cultural heritage objects 2013Portable XRF and principal component analysis for bill characterization in forensic science 2008Ion-beam analysis for cultural heritage on the AGLAE facility: impact of PIXE/RBS combination 2006XRF study of archaeological and metallurgical material from an ancient copper-smelting site near Ein-Yahav, Israel☆2004Monitoring of pigmented and wooden surfaces in accelerated ageing processes by FT-Raman spectroscopy and multivariate control charts

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2020Estimation of Ag coating thickness by different methods using a handheld XRF instrument 2017Reconsidering the accuracy of X-ray fluorescence and ion beam based methods when used to measure the thickness of ancient gildings 2020Testing the Accuracy of the Calculation of Gold Leaf Thickness by MC Simulations and MA-XRF Scanning 2022An analytical characterization of different gilding techniques on artworks from the Royal Palace (Caserta, Italy)

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