Review2017

Social Structure, Adversity, Toxic Stress, and Intergenerational Poverty: An Early Childhood Model

471 citations0/0 files storedAnnual Review of Sociology

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Child Abuse and Trauma Birth, Development, and Health Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

Abstract

Why are children of poor parents more likely to be poor as adults than other children? Early-childhood adversities resulting from social structures and relationships impact children's bodily systems and brain development through recurrent stress. These socially patterned biological processes influence social reproduction. Social support and interventions can prevent or compensate for the early biological effects of toxic social environments. This article integrates sociological, neuroscience, epigenetic, and psychological evidence to build a model of early-childhood developmental mechanisms contributing to intergenerational poverty. This model captures ways in which social structures interact with biological characteristics and systems to shape life trajectories.

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References

1985Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste.1981The Stress Process 2002Socioeconomic Status and Child Development 2005The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood 1996Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children 1998Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.1989The Sociological Study of Stress 1982Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family.

Cited by

2020Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity 2019Theories of the Causes of Poverty 2018Environmental Inequality: The Social Causes and Consequences of Lead Exposure 2019A Critical Assessment of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study at 20 Years 2023Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?2019Social Background and Children's Cognitive Skills: The Role of Early Childhood Education and Care in a Cross-National Perspective

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