Transfusion Transmitted Diseases/Infections among Blood donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Rajkot, Gujrat, India

Abstract

Blood is life. Transfusion of blood and blood components, has become a specialized modality of patient management and saves millions of lives all over the world and reduce morbidity. Blood transfusion is associated with many complications, some are only trivial and others are potentially life threatening, which demands for meticulous pretransfusion testing and screening particularly for transfusion transmissible diseases/infections. These transfusion transmitted diseases / infections are a threat to blood safety. The priority objective of blood transfusion services is thus to ensure safety, accessibility and adequacy of blood supply at all levels. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence and trend of 5 transfusion transmitted infections (TTI), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Syphilis and Malaria, among donors in the blood bank of P.D.U. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot (Gujarat), India, in the year 2013. A total of 10,788 units of blood were tested in the year 2013 for the presence of p 24 antigen and anti- HIV 1/2 IgG/IgM(4 th generation ELISA kit of TRANSASIA Pvt. Ltd.) , HBsAg (HepELISA kit of J. MITRA Pvt. Ltd.) , anti- HCV IgG/IgM ( ELISA kit of TULIP QUALISA Pvt. Ltd.) and RPR CARBON antigen test for Syphilis (RECKON Pvt. Ltd.) by using FDA (Food and Drug Association) approved kits and following standard protocols. Immunochromatographic method was used for detection of Malarial Parasite antigen (plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax). Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV (HBsAg), HCV, Syphilis and Malaria were observed to be 0.074%, 0.68%, 0.074%, 0.065% and 0.037% respectively. Transfusion transmitted diseases/ infections were dominant among male blood donors compared to female blood donors. Higher HIV and HCV seroprevalence among males compared to females was statistically significant. It is very important to continue screening of donated blood with highly sensitive and specific tests and to counsel donors who are positive to any of the above diseases/infections.

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