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1. India represents six distinct language families spread over a large region and spoken by more than one billion speakers. Though the exact figure of number of languages is not very clear partly because of the fuzzy demarcation between 'language' and 'dialect' question and partly because of shifting language loyalty of the people. However, a rough estimate is that there are more than 1600 languages spoken in the present India. The government of India reports only 122 and recognizes as 'scheduled/official' 1 languages only 22 drawn largely from the Indo-Aryan and Dravidian language family stocks. Consult the Census 2001. A large number of languages are endangered (196 according to the UNESCO). 2. The inclusion or exclusion of languages from the VIII schedule does neither depend on the quantum of its speakers nor it is based on the ideology of fundamental rights. Unfortunately, it is not based on the principle of equality of opportunity or on the ideology of national integration or invasive assimilation. Had it been so a large number of languages from Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto- Burman branch would have found their place in the schedule and Sanskrit with its mere 2500 speakers (reported to have doubled by 1991) would have not.
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