Late Attestations of Participle Agreement in Spanish Perfective Constructions

Abstract

Though the basic message in both sentences is essentially the same, the event is conceptualized in two different ways. In (1) the focus is on the completed action of an agent who has lost a wallet while in (2) the focus shifts to the resultant state of the wallet being lost. Though the participles in (1) and (2) look similar, they actually are quite different. Following Bosque (1989, 1999), I consider the perfective participle in (1) to be a verbal participle and the resultative participle in (2) to be an adjectival participle. The most obvious difference between verbal and adjectival participles is the feature of agreement, but recent contributions by Varela (1992, 2003, 2005), Demonte (1983) and Di Tullio (2008) have highlighted some important syntactic differences. For example, only verbal participles accept adverbs of manner, as shown in (3), and only adjectival participles accept the degree modifier ‘muy’, as in (4):

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