This paper examines factors that are responsible for the availability of second position clitic systems crosslinguistically based on a variety of unrelated languages, including (but not limited to) Pama-Nyungan, Uto-Aztecan, Iranian, Slavic, and Romance languages. The proposed account has consequences for a variety of phenomena, including the Lobeck (1990)/Saito & Murasugi (1990) generalization that functional heads can license ellipsis of their complement only when they undergo Spec-Head agreement, preposition-stranding, and the licensing of pro .
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