Unmarried African American Fathers: A Comparative Life Span Analysis

Abstract

Guided by a role strain-adaptation model, this national study focuses on provider role issues among unmarried African American fathers, with emphasis on a comparative life span analysis within three age groups: young (18-34), mid-life (35-54), and older (55 and over). Hierarchical multiple regression on 202 Black unmarried fathers revealed negative links between psychological well-being and objective provider role difficulties, which were exacerbated by risky role perceptions but mitigated by adaptive cultural resources. Findings varied by the psychological particular well-being measure and the specific age of the father. Generally, the model explained more variance in perceived life quality and self-esteem than in global personal efficacy. Comparative analysis found systematic differences in provider role strain-adaptation dynamics across the distinct periods of the adult life course. The model was most robust in predicting personal efficacy, self-esteem and perceived life quality for younger, mid-life, and older fathers, respectively. Both provider role strain and cultural resource variables operated in particular ways for fathers in the three distinct age groups. Results not only have theoretical importance for a life span model of role strainadaptation, but also practical relevance for guiding preventive intervention and public policy.

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