Opportunities for a circular economy in the Netherlands

A.G.T.M. Bastein · E.M.G. Roelofs · E. Rietveld · Alwin Hoogendoorn

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Sustainable Supply Chain Management Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development Sustainable Industrial Ecology

Abstract

The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)TNO is a not-for-profit research and technology organisation that was founded in 1932 by an act of the Dutch parliament to make scientific research accessible and applicable for businesses and government.By law, TNO is required to operate in an independent and objective way.TNO's trademark is the application of rigorous scientific principles to a wide variety of disciplines.At the start of 2013 TNO employed around 4,000 highly qualified professionals.TNO is active in seven main themes: industrial innovation, healthy living, energy, mobility, the built environment, the information society, and defence, safety and security.TNO is one of the most internationally oriented research and technology organisations in Europe.Maintaining and improving an excellent knowledge base is a major focus of TNO as it continues to increase its presence in the international knowledge arena.In 2009 TNO's internationally generated revenue was €153 million, which represents approximately 39% of the total revenue from the market.TNO Strategy & Policy is one of Europe's leading centres of expertise in the areas of innovation, sustainability and (interactive) policy making, with a staff of about 55 multidisciplinary policy advisors.The group also provides support for complex decision-making processes ranging from learning trajectories, spatial-economic analyses and cost-benefit analysis (CBA), monitoring and evaluation, foresight and scenario development, actor and system analyses aimed at, for instance, urban renewal, industrial innovation, innovation trajectories, sustainability issues and environmental risks.International clients include the European Commission (e.g.

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2004Eight types of product–service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from SusProNet

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