Environmental adversity and children’s early trajectories of problem behavior: The role of harsh parental discipline.

Eirini Flouri · Emily Midouhas

67 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Family Psychology

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Family Dynamics and Relationships Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

This study was performed to examine the role of harsh parental discipline in mediating and moderating the effects of environmental adversity (family socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse life events) on emotional and behavioral problems across early-to-middle childhood. The sample included 16,916 children (48% female; 24% non-White) from the U.K.'s Millennium Cohort Study. We analyzed trajectories of conduct, hyperactivity, and emotional problems, measured at ages 3, 5, and 7 years, using growth curve models. Harsh parental discipline was measured at these ages with parent-reported items on the frequency of using the physical and verbal discipline tactics of smacking, shouting at, and "telling off" the child. As expected, family socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse life events were significantly associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Harsh parental discipline was related to children's trajectories of problems, and it moderated, but did not explain, the effect of environmental risk on these trajectories. High-risk children experiencing harsh parental discipline had the highest levels of conduct problems and hyperactivity across the study period. In addition, harsh parental discipline predicted an increase in emotional symptoms over time in high-risk children, unseen in their counterparts experiencing low levels of harsh parental discipline. However, children in low-risk families were also negatively affected by harsh parental discipline concurrently and over time. In conclusion, harsh parental discipline predicted emotional and behavioral problems in high- and low-risk children and moderated the effects of family poverty and adversity on these problems. (PsycINFO Database Record

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References

1997The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note 2002Socioeconomic Status and Child Development 2010Socioeconomic Status, Family Processes,and Individual Development 2002Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review.2006Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology 2002The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment 2010Psychometric Properties of the Parent and Teacher Versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-Year-Olds: A Review 2002Resilience in Midwestern Families: Selected Findings from the First Decade of a Prospective, Longitudinal Study

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