AKOMODASI BAHASAPADA MASYARAKAT KOTA PEKALONGANETNIS JAWA–TIONGHOA–ARABDALAM RANAH PERDAGANGAN

Abstract

Masyarakat Kota Pekalongan merupakan multietnis dan multibahasa. Pemilihan bahasa dalam masyarakat multibahasa diperlukan agar komunikasi berjalan lancar sesuai dengan tujuan. Pemilihan bahasa pada masyarakat multibahasa dapat berupa akomodasi bahasa. Proses akomodasi bahasa dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan bahasa mana yang sesuai digunakan pada peristiwa tutur dalam ranah perdagangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan wujud pilihan bahasa, pola akomodasi bahasa, faktor penyebab akomodasi bahasa, dan fungsi sosial akomodasi bahasa pada masyarakat Kota Pekalongan etnis Jawa–Tionghoa–Arab dalam ranah perdagangan. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak dan teknik sadap sebagai teknik dasarnya. Kemudian diteruskan dengan teknik lanjutan berupa teknik simak libat cakap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode etnografi. Wujud pilihan bahasa yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Kota Pekalongan etnis Jawa–Tionghoa–Arab dalam ranah perdagangan meliputi tunggal bahasa, alih kode, dan campur kode. Pola akomodasi bahasa yang dilakukan etnis Jawa–divergensi, Tionghoa–konvergensi dan Arab–konvergensi. Faktor penyebab terjadinya akomodasi bahasa masyarakat Kota Pekalongan etnis Jawa–Tionghoa–Arab dalam ranah perdagangan adalah status sosial, jarak sosial, usia, dan tujuan tuturan. Fungsi sosial akomodasi bahasa masyarakat Kota Pekalongan etnis Jawa–Tionghoa–Arab dalam ranah perdagangan adalah fungsi representasi, referensi, heuristik, interaksi, regulasi, instrumental, dan personal..Pekalongan has multi-ethnics and multi-languages society. Selection of the language in a multilingual society is needed in order to run in accordance with the purpose of communication. The language selection can be in a form of multilingual community language accommodation. Language accommodation process is conducted in order to determine where the appropriate language is used in speech events in commercial context.The purpose of this study were to describe the form of language selection, to describe the pattern of language accommodation, to describe the causes of language accommodation, and to describe the social function of language accommodation in the Commercial Sphere of Javanese-Chinese-Arabic Ethnics Community in Pekalongan.The data were collected by using observation method by applying the technique of tapping as the basic technique. Then continued with advanced techniques such as observe-involve-participate, free observe-involve-participate, recording techniques, and taking notes. The data were analyzed by using ethnographic methods.The results of this study were the form of language selection in the commercial sphere of Javanese-Chinese-Arabic Ethnics Community in Pekalongan are single language, code switching and code-mixing. The pattern of language accommodation are divergence and convergence. The factors causing language accommodation in the community are a social status, social distance, age, and purpose of the speech. The social function of language accommodation in the commercial sphere of Javanese-Chinese-Arabic Ethnics Community in Pekalongan are representational function, referential, heuristics, interactional, regulation, instrumental, and personal.

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