This chapter describes the present-day approaches in interpreting peri- and post-mortem trauma, and illustrates their limitations and pitfalls. It provides alternative approaches and future recommendations for this kind of research. It is important to figure out how to correctly deal with trauma analysis on skeletal remains when it is fundamental to distinguish between peri- and post-mortem lesions. Detecting biomarkers as specific indicators of vitality and survival to an injury, could enable us to solve the common problems encountered in the interpretation of ante-, peri- and post-mortem injuries due to the absence of perceptible bone signs at a macroscopical, microscopical and radio-graphical level. In order to do this, it is fundamental to study how cellular and biochemical markers react to time and taphonomy. The use of biomarkers might be a possible aid in the diagnosis of the timing of lesions, and as a subject is closely related to the estimation of survival time for ante-mortem lesions.
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