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Optimism, Coping, and Well‐Being

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Optimism, Hope, and Well-being Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research

Abstract

Optimism is a trait that reflects the extent to which people hold generalized favorable versus unfavorable expectancies for their future. Higher optimism has been related prospectively (i.e., controlling for previous well-being) to higher subjective well-being in times of adversity. Optimism has also been linked to greater engagement coping and less avoidance coping. Optimism has been associated with taking proactive steps to protect one's health, whereas pessimism has been associated with health-damaging behaviors. Consistent with such evidence, optimism has also been linked to better physical health. The task-focused approach that optimists take to goals also confers benefits in the socioeconomic world. Optimism has been linked to more persistence in educational efforts and to higher income. Optimists also appear to fare better than pessimists in relationships. There are instances in which optimism fails to convey an advantage, and instances in which it may be disadvantageous, but those instances are quite rare.

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References

1985Stress, appraisal, and coping 1994Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.1985Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.1998On the Self-Regulation of Behavior 2004Coping: Pitfalls and Promise 2001Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research.2003Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping.2009Personality and Coping

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2019Adaptive self-regulation, subjective well-being, and physical health: The importance of goal adjustment capacities 2019Linking inferiority feelings to subjective happiness: Self-concealment and loneliness as serial mediators 2021Social Support and Well-being among Relocating Women: The Mediating Roles of Resilience and Optimism 2017Self-Regulatory Functions Supporting Motivated Action 2023Efficacy of the “Feel Good - Think Positive”, a school-based positive psychology intervention targeting optimism and hope in children

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