Articlehybrid2017

Using Temporal Self-Regulation Theory to understand healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour

Rachel Evans · Paul E Norman · Thomas Llewelyn Webb

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Behavioral Health and Interventions Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The present research investigated whether Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST) can be used to help understand healthy and unhealthy eating intentions and behaviour. DESIGN: A prospective design with two waves of data collection one week apart. METHOD: An online survey measured the key components of TST (i.e., connectedness, timing and valence beliefs, intentions, past behaviour, habit strength, perceived environmental cues, and self-control) with respect to eating fruit and vegetables (F&V; N = 133) or unhealthy snacks (N = 125). Eating behaviour was assessed one week later. RESULTS: The components of TST explained significant amounts of the variance in intentions and behaviour for intake of F&Vs (22% and 64%, respectively) and unhealthy snacks (18% and 35%, respectively). Beliefs about positive and negative short-term outcomes significantly predicted intentions to perform both behaviours. Intentions and past behaviour significantly predicted consumption of F&Vs, and past behaviour moderated the relationship between intention and behaviour which became stronger as past behaviour increased. Past behaviour and habit strength significantly predicted unhealthy snacking. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that TST may be a useful framework for understanding eating intentions and behaviour. However, research did not find support for all of the hypothesised relationships (e.g., self-regulatory capacity did not significantly predict eating behaviour and also failed to moderate the relationships between intentions and behaviour). Research using alternative measures of self-regulatory capacity, along with experimental manipulations of TST variables, may be needed to further understand eating intentions and behaviour.

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1991The theory of planned behavior 1992A power primer.1957A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance 2017A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance 2004High Self‐Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success 1972Self-Perception Theory 2004The Theory of Planned Behaviour 2004Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior

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