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Abstract This article describes the activity of citizen planners based on examples ranging from participation in self-help efforts to the more politicized struggles for broad social and political transformation. It reviews the contributions from research on collective action and social movements as a foundation for understanding the breadth of the activities undertaken by citizen planners. The article provides examples of three distinct modes of planning commonly practiced by citizen planners: community-based, covert, and radical.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 15 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
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