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two major schools of psychology which prevail in the college and university education channels of the world today in relation to understanding human behavior and health care are:(1) Second Force Psychology embraced largely by Psychiatry, and (2) Third Force Psychology embraced by Psychology. basic for change of individuals in theory for both disciplines come largely from internal sources-a thinking and planning individual; as opposed to the psychologist or psychiatrist doing the thinking and imposing of ideas on them in some external fashion. Second Force Psychology Second Force Psychology serves as the basic theory underlying Psychoanalysis where free association serves as the basis for an internal thrust and change in relation to management, care, and understanding of human behavior by a psychiatrist. Patient is not asked questions, but simply asked to talk about anything that first comes to mind--people tend to reveal where discomforts are greatest. Underlying the basic need for change is the patient's personal experience of discomfort and pain from sources hidden deep in the unconscious that served to prevent full utilization of one's potential in relation to the world of work or play. Psychoanalysis serves as the means to bring to conscious level the nature and degree of such hurts, and then to assist the individual, through their own personal actions, to consciously deal with such discomforts. Here the main for change focuses squarely on the cognitive dissonance elements creating the discomfort. Typically such elements are in nature, and the task of the individual is to change the negative aspects of such elements to positive forces in one's life. Psychiatrist always plays a rather passive type, but often a very cunning role helping the individual plan and implement an acceptable mode for the change process--one that holds promise for eliminating the cognitive dissonance present (Festinger, 1957, and Taylor, 1962). Third Force Psychology Third Force Psychology, only old since the 1960s, is clearly embraced by psychology throughout the colleges and universities of the world today, and is characterized as being Person Centered in nature. basic characteristic for change in Third Force Psychology are planned to be internal in nature, and to be created and implemented by a thinking and planning individual; as opposed to the psychologist, counselor, or other external source. This means that the individual by own self must be involved and remain the for the development of such change. dynamics that serve as the basic for change are typically positive in nature as described in the The Personal Development Test (Cassel, and Chow., 2001); as opposed to the relief from Cognitive Dissonance in Psychoanalysis which is negative in nature. In Third Force Psychology the Psychologist plays a very active role in the change process, but always fully accepting the idea that effective change comes from a thinking and planning individual. Psychologist typically plays a primary role in the interpreting whether or not the personal designed plan, or mode for action of an individual meets the requirements for Third Force Psychology--does it lead to the personal development or learning of individual(s) involved. Personal development and learning are so intimately related that you can not have one without the other, and the personal development comes first (Maslow, 1959, Rogers, 1945, and Cassel, 2000a). First Force Psychology In full contradiction to Second and Third Force Psychology the for change in First Force Psychology is essentially imposed by some person external to the individual or individuals involved. It means that the thinking and planning for such change, plus the actual implementing of the change process is always external to individual or individuals involved. In Second and Third Force Psychology the individuals involved are always center to the process, and where they alone do the thinking, planning, and actual implementing of thrusts for change. …
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