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Nike started its commercial venture in Vietnam in 1995 and made a significant contribution to the country's economy during the late 1990s. However, violations of the labor code at Nike's Vietnamese contract factories or 'sweatshops' soon became apparent, as in the case of the Tae Kwang Vina factory (VT), which employed around 10,000 workers, mostly young rural women. The toxic solvents and glues used in manufacturing caused dizziness, nausea, and respiratory ailments among workers. Accidents were prominent in hazardous sections of the plant. VT violated environmental regulations without facing any consequences or strong protests, as the local community and workers could not mobilize themselves. However, transnational information networks of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) like Vietnam labor watch and activists helped raise the issues around labor conditions in Vietnamese sweatshops globally, which contributed to holding Nike accountable for the workers' plight. Consequently, Nike took proactive measures and allowed independent auditing of the sweatshops. In 1999, Nike implemented its own 'code of conduct' in Vietnamese factories. During recent years, there has been a visible improvement in VT practices, such as safer work conditions and workers' awareness of their rights and entitlements.
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