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Previous studies have shown that the overall pattern of engagement in various activities is associated with cognitive health in later life. To date, little evidence exists to what extent change in cognitive function may affect changes in activity engagement patterns over time. This study investigated the longitudinal patterns of social activities among older adults and examined whether, and to what extent, changes in cognitive function influence the transition patterns. Data from the 2008 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study were used. A total of 2,987 participants aged 65 or older were included in analyses. Latent transition analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. Cross-sectional profile analysis identified High Active, Active Leisure, Passive Leisure, and Low Active groups in each wave of the study. Longitudinal profile analysis derived four transition patterns: three groups in three Stayer, remain high, remain moderate, and remain low and one Changer group: active to less active group. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that people who developed cognitive impairment were more likely to transition as Changer compared to remain high or remain moderate. This study adds to the extremely limited empirical evidence about stability and dynamics of later year social engagement: our findings showed that majority of the sample belonged to Stayers (87.4%) and subgroup (12.6%) belonged to Changer. Importantly, those who developed cognitive impairment were at risk of becoming disengaged in various activities, even in relatively short periods of time. These empirical findings add to the importance of identifying older adults with declining cognitive function.
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