BANQUETES Y RITUALES COLECTIVOS EN EL SUROESTE PENINSULAR

Abstract

El trabajo propone una interpretación diacrónica de las costumbres religiosas en el suroeste prerromano relacionadas con la iglesia masiva de bebidas y comidas dentro de contextos rituales sagrados. Así se destaca la importancia de estos banquetes colectivos, sin presencia explicíta de las imágenes divinas durante la Edad de Hierro, y con la asistencia de numerosas figuritas sagradas durante los primeros siglos de la civilización romana en el Suroeste peninsular. Junto a esta diferencia, los banquetes demuestran el abandono de una paridad entre la ingesta de comida y bebida, con el sacrificio explícito de grandes animales como acto central del rito, como ocurría en época preromana, para favorecer la bebida masiva de un ñíquido costoso, posiblemente vino, acompañado de la toma colectiva de frutos y manjares secos, acompañados de salsas, durante la denominación romana.Palabras Clave: Banquetes, santuarios, Célticos, rituales, sacrificios, favissae.SummaryIn this paper we put forward a new diachronic interpretation of religious rituals among the Celtic peoples in the Southwestern areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the Iron Age and the early centuries of Roman rule. We emphasize the outstanding importance of collective feasts close to and in shrines during the Second Iron Age. These banquets werw jheld around animal sacrifices and the subsequent ingestion of meat and a kind of local beer. Apparently, there was not a explicit presence of sacred images in these feasts in pre-Roman times. However, during the Roman perod, different favissae found in archaeological sites belonging to the Beaturia Celticorum have yielded numerous terracotta figurines of Roman goddesses besides a large number of small wine cups and big plates, probably for dried fruits and food accompanied by sauces. We consider these changes as true indicators of deep transformations in social and ideological structures among the Celtici in Roman times.Keywords: feasts, food and drinks, shrines, Celts, rutual, sacrifices, favissae

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