Inaccurate Singers: An Exploratory Study of Variables Affecting Pitch-Matching.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different vocal models, modes of responding, and grade levels on the pitch-matching accuracy of children in grades K 3 and 7 8. Children {N = 1 63) selected on the basis of their inability to match pitch were asked to echo by singing the neutral syllable la, a descending minor third sung by adult female and adult male voices. They were randomly assigned to one of three different response modes: one third of the children in each grade was told to use Curwen hand signals as they echoed each model; one third, to use the syllables, sol mi; and the remaining third to sing la la. Results demonstrated: (a) no significant differences among correct responses due to response modes; (b) a significant difference between responses to the male versus the female model with more correct responses to the female; (c) a significant difference between correct responses by kindergarten versus those by eighth grade, but no other significant differences among grade levels; (d) percentages of differences between first and second grades and second and third grades were negligible while those between kindergarten and first and seventh and eighth grades were much larger; (e) no significant grade level by response modes interaction effect, but, while kindergarten responded best by using the syllable, la, and the first grade with hand signals, the second, third, seventh, and eighth grades responded best with solfege syllables; and (f) a significant model by grade level interaction effect showing seventh graders to be highly accurate in matching the female model and highly inaccurate in matching the male model.

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