Articlehybrid2017

Measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry using a superconducting integrated circuit

Chiharu Urano · K. Yamazawa · Nobu‐Hisa Kaneko

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Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation Calibration and Measurement Techniques Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques

Abstract

We report on our measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) using an integrated quantum voltage noise source (IQVNS) that is fully implemented with superconducting integrated circuit technology. The IQVNS generates calculable pseudo white noise voltages to calibrate the JNT system. The thermal noise of a sensing resistor placed at the temperature of the triple point of water was measured precisely by the IQVNS-based JNT. We accumulated data of more than 429 200 s in total (over 6 d) and used the Akaike information criterion to estimate the fitting frequency range for the quadratic model to calculate the Boltzmann constant. Upon detailed evaluation of the uncertainty components, the experimentally obtained Boltzmann constant was J K −1 with a relative combined uncertainty of . The value of k is relatively lower than the CODATA 2014 value (Mohr et al 2016 Rev. Mod. Phys . 88 035009).

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References

2016CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014 2006Redefinition of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole: a proposed approach to implementing CIPM recommendation 1 (CI-2005)2011An electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant 2017An improved electronic determination of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry 2017New measurement of the Boltzmann constant k by acoustic thermometry of helium-4 gas 2017Final determination of the Boltzmann constant by dielectric-constant gas thermometry 2015Improved electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry 2017A Boltzmann constant determination based on Johnson noise thermometry

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2019The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era 2017The NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System for the Determination of the Boltzmann Constant 2019The Boltzmann Constant: Evaluation of Measurement Relative Uncertainty Using the Information Approach 2017Frequency-response mismatch effects in Johnson noise thermometry 2024Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry

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