Early Hearing Detection and Vocabulary of Children With Hearing Loss

Christine Yoshinaga‐Itano · Allison L. Sedey · Mallene Wiggin · Winnie W. Chung

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Hearing Impairment and Communication Language Development and Disorders Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To date, no studies have examined vocabulary outcomes of children meeting all 3 components of the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) guidelines (hearing screening by 1 month, diagnosis of hearing loss by 3 months, and intervention by 6 months of age). The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of the current EHDI 1-3-6 policy on vocabulary outcomes across a wide geographic area. A secondary goal was to confirm the impact of other demographic variables previously reported to be related to language outcomes. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 448 children with bilateral hearing loss between 8 and 39 months of age (mean = 25.3 months, SD = 7.5 months). The children lived in 12 different states and were participating in the National Early Childhood Assessment Project. RESULTS: The combination of 6 factors in a regression analysis accounted for 41% of the variance in vocabulary outcomes. Vocabulary quotients were significantly higher for children who met the EHDI guidelines, were younger, had no additional disabilities, had mild to moderate hearing loss, had parents who were deaf or hard of hearing, and had mothers with higher levels of education. CONCLUSIONS: Vocabulary learning may be enhanced with system improvements that increase the number of children meeting the current early identification and intervention guidelines. In addition, intervention efforts need to focus on preventing widening delays with chronological age, assisting mothers with lower levels of education, and incorporating adults who are deaf/hard-of-hearing in the intervention process.

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1998Language of Early- and Later-identified Children With Hearing Loss 2007Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs 2000Early Intervention and Language Development in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing 2012The Pace of Vocabulary Growth Helps Predict Later Vocabulary Skill

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2021Deaf Children of Hearing Parents Have Age-Level Vocabulary Growth When Exposed to American Sign Language by 6 Months of Age 2020Early Intervention, Parent Talk, and Pragmatic Language in Children With Hearing Loss 2022Multidimensional Family-Centred Early Intervention in Children with Hearing Loss: A Conceptual Model 2019Deaf adults in early intervention programs 2020Kindergarten Readiness in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Who Received Early Intervention 2021Impact of Meeting Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Benchmarks on Spoken Language 2021Family ASL: An Early Start to Equitable Education for Deaf Children 2021Reading Proficiency Trends Following Newborn Hearing Screening Implementation

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