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century of civil wars which set the great imperatores of the end of the Republic against one another. This is the final act in what Ronald Syme terms The Roman Revolution and the first act of Augustus' Principate. So it is particularly interesting to study the propaganda coming out of this period, more specifically the ten years which separate the Battle of Philippi from the Battle of Actium (42-32 BC) and the following five years, to 27 BC: taken together, fifteen years of intense propaganda activity. Who are the principal protagonists during this period? First there are Caesar's two inheritors, who are initially united to avenge the Ides of March murder: the one, Mark Antony, loyal companion to Caesar, made consul in 44 BC; the other, young Octavian, Caesar's nephew onceremoved and adopted son. After the Battle of Philippi, Antony and Octavian split the empire between them, with Antony staying in the Orient and Octavian ruling the western Empire from Rome. Sextus Pompey, the son of the great Pompey himself should also be included
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