Artemis as Matrix for a New Interpretation of the Household Codes in Ephesians 5:22–6:9

Abstract

The basic determinants for the formation of groups are people’s social relationships with others, their shared attitudes and values and the social norms and roles that determine their behaviour. These determinants are applicable to the identity and status of the members of the early Christian community. Social Identity Theory is used in this study to determine the identity of the members of the Christian family and household in the letter to the Ephesians. The author seeks to provide a strong positive identity for the group by legitimising their values, boundaries, structures and behaviour. This study argues for an alternative interpretation of the household codes in Ephesians 5:22–6:9 and especially the relationship between husband and wife. The influence of Jewish thought on the household codes largely formed the basis for these codes suggested by the author to the new in-group of believers. This study, however, wants to propose that the Christian women of the in-group were not necessarily restricted to the patriarchal codes that are presented in Ephesians, but that they could also identify with Artemis as the goddess of the region who acted as liberator and nurturer for the ancient women of Ephesus, and that she may also serve as a role model for contemporary women.

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