China’s ‘Innovative and Pragmatic’ Foreign Aid: Shaped by and now Shaping Globalisation

Abstract

One estimate says China's net Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) equivalent foreign aid disbursement (minus aid received by China) over the period 2009-13 increased annually by some 11 per cent (Kitano 2016).It was estimated that by 2013, China's net aid had reached US$5.4 billion, most of which was being disbursed bilaterally, as both grants and loans (Figure 19.1) (Kitano 2016).Estimated net foreign aid fell between 2013 and

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