The Neighborhood Built Environment and Cognitive Function of Older Persons: Results from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study

Tze Pin Ng · Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt · Faysal Kabir Shuvo · Jia Yen Eng · Keng Bee Yap · Limin Hee +2 more

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association of subjective (perceived) and objective (geographical information system [GIS]-based) measures of the neighborhood built environment (BE) attributes with cognitive function among older persons, and the mediating effect of transportation physical activity (TPA) and leisure time (physical, social and productive) activities (LTA). METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 402 residents aged 55 years and above in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Perceived neighborhood BE attributes (residential density, street connectivity, land use mix - diversity, land use mix - access, infrastructure for walking or cycling, aesthetics, traffic safety, and crime safety) and objective GIS measures of walkability and accessibility were related to participants' cognitive global and domain-specific performance measured by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurocognitive Status (RBANS). RESULTS: Controlling for age, sex, education, race, chronic medical illnesses, self-rated health, Geriatric Depression Scale depression score, POMA measures of balance and gait, and other BE attributes, the subjective measure of land use mix-diversity (standardized coefficient β = 0.161, p = 0.008) and GIS measure of walkability (β = 0.163, p = 0.002) were positively and significantly associated with RBANS global z-score, and immediate and delayed memory recall, visuospatial/ constructional ability and language, except attention. In hierarchical modeling, TPA and LTA attenuated the effect estimates, but the associations remained significant. CONCLUSION: BE features which increase opportunities and easy access to a diversity of destinations for services and facilities that promote physical, social and cognitively stimulating activities is associated with better cognitive functioning in older people.

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References

2012Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease 2009Measuring the Built Environment for Physical Activity 2006Walkability of local communities: Using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes 2009Criterion-based validity and reliability of the Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (GDS-15) in a large validation sample of community-living Asian older adults 2007Exploring Associations between Physical Activity and Perceived and Objective Measures of the Built Environment 2009Objective versus subjective measures of the built environment, which are most effective in capturing associations with walking?2008Neighborhood Deprivation, Individual Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Function in Older People: Analyses from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2011Cognitive function in the community setting: the neighbourhood as a source of ‘cognitive reserve’?

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2020Measuring the association of objective and perceived neighborhood environment with physical activity in older adults: challenges and implications from a systematic review 2021From urban neighbourhood environments to cognitive health: a cross-sectional analysis of the role of physical activity and sedentary behaviours 2024Effects of neighborhood built environment on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review

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