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The concept of the new European maritime multimodal connections is represented in the motorways of the sea, which still has huge untapped potential for maritime transport in the European Union countries and in the Republic of Croatia. Diverting freight flows to the sea, increasing the cohesion of traffic, reducing road congestion by redistributing the cargo flows to maritime and rail transport, and perhaps most importantly, implementation of the environmentally friendly transport are just some of the reasons for promoting the idea of a motorways of the sea. As an alternative to land transport, achieving a clean, safe and efficient transportation system is reflected in numerous policy documents of the European Union and generally aims to introduce new multimodal logistics chains that will contribute to the creation of structural changes in transport. This concept also contributes to the political initiatives of the European Union for the European maritime space without boundaries, as well promoting environmentally sustainable transportation. The Ecobonus initiative, additionally, was launched by the Italian government; it seeks to promote the use of motorways of the sea networks and divert freight traffic from inland to maritime transportation. This paper aims to systematically explore and elaborate the possibilities of the application and implementation Ecobonus initiative in the Republic of Croatia. It was necessary to define the major determinant of motorways of the sea and Eco bonus initiative. The importance of implementation of this initiative and the possible application and implementation of Ecobonus initiative in the Republic of Croatia is proven using the methodological approach of the cost-benefit analysis of Ecobonus in Italy.
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