Loneliness, health and mortality

Jeppe Henriksen · Erik Roj Larsen · Cecilia Mattisson · Niklas Worm Andersson

76 citations0/0 files storedEpidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences

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Health disparities and outcomes Cardiac Health and Mental Health Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Abstract

AIMS: Literature suggests an association between loneliness and mortality for both males and females. Yet, the linkage of loneliness to mortality is not thoroughly examined, and need to be replicated with a long follow-up time. This study assessed the association between loneliness and mortality, including associations to gender, in 1363 adult swedes. METHODS: This community-based prospective cohort study from the Swedish Lundby Study included 1363 individuals of whom 296 individuals (21.7%) were identified as lonely with use of semi-structured interviews in 1997. The cohort was followed until 2011 and survival analyses were used to estimate the relative risk of death. RESULTS: Death occurred with an incidence rate of 2.63 per 100 person-years and 2.09 per 100 person-years for lonely and non-lonely individuals, respectively. In crude analysis, loneliness was associated with a significant increased mortality risk of 27% compared with non-lonely individuals [hazard ratio (HR) 1.27; 95% CI 1.01-1.60]. Unadjusted, lonely females had a significant increased risk (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.31-2.34) and adjusted insignificant increased mortality risk of 27% (HR 1.27; 95% CI 0.92-1.74), compared with non-lonely females. Lonely males were found to have an adjusted significant decreased risk of mortality (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32-0.80), compared with non-lonely males. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest an association between loneliness and increased risk of mortality and that gender differences may exist, which have not been previously reported. If replicated, our results indicate that loneliness may have differential physical implications in some subgroups. Future studies are needed to further investigate the influence of gender on the relationship.

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References

2015Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality 2010Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms 1983Loneliness: A Source Book of Current Theory, Research and Therapy 1978Developing a Measure of Loneliness 1984Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy.2012Loneliness in Older Persons 2012Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: A national longitudinal study 2008Loneliness and the health of older people

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