Regulatory barriers in international horticultural markets

Abstract

Sanitary and phytosanitary measures adopted by countries to protect plant or human health can affect patterns of trade in horticultural products by increasing the costs of imports or prohibiting them entirely. To prevent the protectionist use of such measures to shield domestic producers from competition—rather than to avert genuine hazards—countries participating in the Uruguay Round trade negotiations agreed to multilateral rules to govern their use. These rules have lowered many unnecessary barriers to horticultural trade, primarily through requirements that regulations be transparent and based on science. To quantify the benefits of continued regulatory reform, further research is needed to assess the trade and welfare effects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in horticulture markets.

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