This chapter presents a report on a meta-analysis to shed light on the discrepant findings. It explores to test whether the effect size of self-control training (SCT) on variables relevant to health and well-being was larger, smaller, or similar in magnitude to the effects of SCT on other far transfer outcomes. The theoretical rationale behind SCT comes from the strength model of self-control. According to the strength model, self-control capacity is a resource which is enhanced by practicing tasks that require self-control. Before decisively concluding that the effects of SCT on improved self-controlled behavior are robust, one must take into consideration the somewhat equivocal evidence of publication bias. Practicing self-control seems especially promising for improving health by replacing bad habits with preferred, healthier habits. SCT is simple to implement, does not require extensive cognitive or verbal abilities, and is economical.
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