Suicide Prevention Strategies

Abstract

This chapter presents two commonly used evidence-based frameworks for classifying preventive strategies applied in public health: the primary, secondary, tertiary prevention model and the United States Institute of Medicine model, which incorporates universal, selective, and indicated approaches. Primary prevention consists of activities intended to discourage or impede the completion of suicides before any suicidal behavior has occurred. Secondary prevention seeks to identify illness in its earliest stages, in order to intervene to prevent it from worsening. Tertiary prevention generally consists of arresting the progression of ill-health and suffering after the clinical manifestation of symptoms. The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) proposed a framework known as the IOM model, based on Gordon's operationally defined classification of disease, which parses prevention into the universal, selective, and indicated categories. Evidence-based medicine aims to apply the best possible evidence collected by rigorous scientific methods to inform health-oriented decision making.

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