Formation of Hungarian Psychological Research in Mid 20th Century: Institutional Frames 1960-2010

Abstract

During the period 1960-2010 Hungary went through important social and political changes. Initially these changes had meant for psychology that via the softening of the dictatorship social and human sciences and supportive professions were allowed to (re)appear in the system, and later on psychology and its applications could be diversified. Since the dramatic political changes in 1990, psychology has become a central player. This paper concentrates on institutional developments, using mainly public data. The training of psychologists restarted in 1963 with an integration of applied fields into a 5-year program. This was soon followed by a more theory based reorganization in the 1970s with the formation of a postgraduate system of applied training. Between 1960 and 2010 the single Budapest Eötvös Loránd University with a dozen students was replaced by 7 training universities with a Bologna 3+2-year system, with 800 new undergraduates and 300 MA students each year. This was accompanied by the formation of a PhD system. Regarding research, the most important change in the 1960s was the formation of the Research Institute for Psychology at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, with a strong psychophysiology and social psychology profile. From the 1970s on, research has become more and more important at the universities. A notable general change was the appearance of project based financing. In publication practices Westernization appeared first in citations, and from the 1980s it appeared also in publications.

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