The innovation ecosystem

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Specialized Knowledge as Key to Competitive AdvantageDeveloped and developing economies alike face increased resource scarcity and competitive rivalry.Science and technology increasingly appear as a main source of competitive and sustainable advantage for nations and regions alike.However, the key determinant of their efficacy is the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship-enabled innovation that unlocks and captures the pecuniary benefits of the science enterprise in the form of private, public or hybrid goods.In this context, linking university basic and applied research with the market, via technology transfer and commercialization mechanisms including governmentuniversity-industry partnerships and risk capital investments, constitutes the essential trigger mechanism and driving device for sustainable competitive advantage and prosperity.In short, university researchers, properly informed, empowered and supported, are bound to emerge as the architects of a prosperity that rests on a solid foundation of scientific and technological knowledge, experience and expertise, and not in fleeting and conjectural 'financial engineering' schemes.Building on these constituent elements of technology transfer and commercialization, 'open innovation diplomacy' encompasses the concept and practice of bridging distance and other divides (cultural, socio-economic, technological etc.) with focused and properly targeted initiatives to connect ideas and solutions with markets and investors ready to appreciate them and nurture them to their full potential.Chapter 6 develops this in more detail.The emerging gloCalizing (global/local; Carayannis and von Zedtwitz, 2005; Carayannis and Alexander, 2006) frontier of converging systems, networks and sectors of innovation that is driven by increasingly complex, non-linear and dynamic processes of knowledge creation, diffusion and use confronts us with the need to reconceptualize -if not reinvent -the Elias G.

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