Iron Age mining in the Transvaal

Abstract

Mining was a widespread economic activity in the African Iron Age. This paper reviews the available evidence on, the archaeological, historical, ethnological, and technological aspects of early mining in the Transvaal. A number of analyses of ores found at archaeological sites (especially at Broederstroom) are reported, and an inter-- pretation of the analytical results is suggested. Descriptions of Iron Age copper- and tin-mining complexes, and of iron-ore workings, are given, and techniquesof Iron Age mining are discussed. The evidence of gold mining in Iron Age Transvaal is examined.

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