Development and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)

Eleanor Jane Bryant · David Thivel · Jean‐Philippe Chaput · Vicky Drapeau · John Edward Blundell · Neil A. King

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Eating Disorders and Behaviors Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a child and adolescent version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17) and to assess its psychometric properties and factor structure. We also examined associations between the CTFEQr17 and BMI and food preferences. DESIGN: A two-phase approach was utilized, employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. SETTING: Primary and secondary schools, UK. SUBJECTS: In phase 1, seventy-six children (thirty-nine boys; mean age 12·3 (sd 1·4) years) were interviewed to ascertain their understanding of the original TFEQr21 and to develop accessible and understandable items to create the CTFEQr17. In phase 2, 433 children (230 boys; mean age 12·0 (sd 1·7) years) completed the CTFEQr17 and a food preference questionnaire, a sub-sample (n 253; 131 boys) had their height and weight measured, and forty-five children (twenty-three boys) were interviewed to determine their understanding of the CTFEQr17. RESULTS: The CTFEQr17 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0·85) and the three-factor structure was retained: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE). Qualitative data demonstrated a high level of understanding of the questionnaire (95 %). High CR was found to be significantly associated with a higher body weight, BMI and BMI percentile. High UE and EE scores were related to a preference for high-fat savoury and high-fat sweet foods. The relationships between CTFEQr17, anthropometry and food preferences were stronger for girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS: The CTFEQr17 is a psychometrically sound questionnaire for use in children and adolescents, and associated with anthropometric and food preference measures.

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References

1985The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger 2000Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study 2004The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 Is Able to Distinguish among Different Eating Patterns in a General Population 2009Psychometric analysis of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21: results from a large diverse sample of obese and non-obese participants 2008Disinhibition: its effects on appetite and weight regulation 2012Why most dieters fail but some succeed: A goal conflict model of eating behavior.2003Eating Behaviors and Indexes of Body Composition in Men and Women from the Québec Family Study 2009Three factor eating questionnaire-R18 as a measure of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in a sample of young Finnish females

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