Articlehybrid2018

Carpenters Gap 1: A 47,000 year old record of indigenous adaption and innovation

Tim Maloney · Sue O’Connor · Rachel E. Wood · Ken P. Aplin · Jane Balme

102 citations0/0 files storedQuaternary Science Reviews

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Australian Indigenous Culture and History

Abstract

Here we present the first detailed analysis of the archaeological finds from Carpenters Gap 1 rockshelter, one of the oldest radiocarbon dated sites in Australia and one of the few sites in the Sahul region to preserve both plant and animal remains down to the lowest Pleistocene aged deposits. Occupation at the site began between 51,000 and 45,000 cal BP and continued into the Last Glacial Maximum, and throughout the Holocene. While CG1 has featured in several studies, the full complement of 100 radiocarbon dates is presented here for the first time in stratigraphic context, and a Bayesian model is used to evaluate the age sequence. We present analyses of the stone artefact and faunal assemblages from Square A2, the oldest and deepest square excavated. These data depict a remarkable record of adaptation in technology, mobility, and diet breadth spanning 47,000 years. We discuss the dating and settlement record from CG1 and other northern Australian sites within the context of the new dates for occupation of Madjedbebe in Arnhem Land at 65,000 years (±5700), and implications for colonisation and dispersal within Sahul.

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References

2017Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago 1994Raw-Material Availability and the Organization of Technology 1986Technological Efficiency and Tool Curation 2010Human Adaptation and Plant Use in Highland New Guinea 49,000 to 44,000 Years Ago 1990The Emergence of Modern Humans 2017An early modern human presence in Sumatra 73,000–63,000 years ago 1995Mousterian Lithic Technology 1994The human colonisation of Australia: optical dates of 53,000 and 60,000 years bracket human arrival at Deaf Adder Gorge, Northern Territory

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