Identification of communal space in historical multi-ethnic city of Gresik

Abstract

One of the objectives of sustainable city concept development is to realize the city, according to its historical, social and cultural background. City morphology is an accumulation process of physical manifestation of non-physical life, which is influenced by the values and norms system of the community. Indonesia is known as a multicultural plural country. Coastal cities are multicultural city typologies that form and evolve with multi-ethnic societies, forming heterogeneous city structures with new cultures through the process of acculturation. Communal space is one of the constituents of urban space structures which function is to support the ideal social, cultural and environmental aspects. The study of the dynamics of communal spaces is important to discover the characteristics of space and architectural concepts that shape urban morphological and cultural structures. This study applied morphology approach on spatial settings at historical urban multi-ethnic settlement through physical and non-physical observations. The descriptive analysis of morphological communal space pattern relates to six variables of a “Good Public Space Index”. The morphological pattern of Gresik City is dominated by multi-ethnic settlements. The history of Gresik as a center of learning and dissemination of Islam has shaped the Gresik community to have a strong religious life as reflected in Islamic rituals. The settlement dominated by household industry, craftsmanship, and small-scale trading, shows that entrepreneurship activities as social-economy activities have highly supported daily religious ritual activities. The pattern of communal space is dominated by two prominent characteristics of socio-economic activity and socio-cultural activity. The communal spaces in this area have a high intensity of use and social use, which indicate their important function in the daily activities of the community. The square serves as the center of urban communal space with appropriate functions for economic and cultural activities simultaneously, which are carried out democratically through time-sharing.

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