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A geographic information system (GIS) uses a computer to link a database management system to a number of spatially distributed features that can be represented on a map. GIS technology has developed to a point where it is cheaper, more powerful, and more widely available, and many jurisdictions are in the process of studying or implementing GIS for their planning and investment decisions. This report suggests a procedure for the successful completion of the first step in the implementation of GIS--completing a user needs assessment. The first section of the report discusses the potential benefits of GIS and provides examples to highlight those benefits specific to planning. The current hierarchy of computer software available for automated mapping and GIS is described, and the varying capabilities of these software options are discussed. Next, the benefits of conducting an assessment of user needs before selecting and implementing a GIS are examined. The last sections of the report detail the steps in designing and conducting the assessment. The final section describes the products that should result from the assessment process. Appendices to the report provide a glossary of terms used in GIS, some sample interview guides, a sample RFP for needs assessment services, and a list of professional organizations that can be of assistance.
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