RESIDENTIAL LAND SUPPLY METHODS TO DEVELOP A HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION SCENARIO IN A LARGE TSUNAMI-DEVASTATED AREA

Abstract

Generally, in Japan, two public land supply projects have been employed in Tsunami mitigation: Promoting Group Relocation for Disaster Mitigation and the Land Readjustment Project. Because these projects require much time for completion, some affected households withdrew from participation in them, and instead rebuilt a house on land that they located themselves. Housing reconstruction is the most basic element of rebuilding life after a disaster has struck. Timing or placement of housing reconstruction varies with each household's character. This study focuses on private land supply methods offered by private companies or individuals. The area, where it is assumed future tsunami damage will occur, needs to develop a “Housing Reconstruction Scenario” that uses residential land supply methods and considers temporal or spatial demands. This paper clarifies the characteristics of each Residential land supply methods and demonstrates how to frame a “House Reconstruction Scenario.” This study conducted a temporal and spatial analysis using a “Building Plan Outline” from buildings that were built after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Residential land supply methods are grouped into the following types, which have various living environment characteristics: 1) Promotion of group relocation for disaster mitigation, or land readjustment projects that can provide a large amount of favorable housing but at the earliest will take three years to supply. 2) Development projects by a private company that will take two or three years to supply at the earliest but has relatively low accessibility. 3) Development projects of infill housing in existing urban areas that can be supplied immediately but are few in number, small, and expensive. 4) Development projects by individuals that can be supplied immediately and at a low price but are not secure, safe, or accessible. 5) Land and housing stock that is available immediately but are few in number. A “Housing Reconstruction Scenario” is necessary as a prior plan to match methods with temporal or spatial demands. To smoothly promote housing reconstruction, the local government should make preparations before disaster occurs, including plans for vacant land, utilization of the built-up area, small unit area development by public-private partnership, promotion of existing house distribution, group relocation project for community units, etc. It is also important that such a plan be positioned as part of a larger strategy, such as a general plan or an urban master plan.

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