Alleinerziehende Eltern in Deutschland: Der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Unterstützung und psychosozialer Gesundheit

Lea-Sophie Borgmann · Petra Rattay · Thomas Lampert

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Family Dynamics and Relationships Health disparities and outcomes Health and Well-being Studies

Abstract

The lives of single mothers and fathers are associated with specific demands, which may result in higher psychosocial and physical strain compared to parents sharing their household with a partner. In this context, social support is known to function as a protective resource. The present article examines how different levels of social support interrelate with levels of mental health in single mothers and fathers in Germany. The data is drawn from the surveys 2009, 2010 and 2012 of the study "German Health Update" (GEDA) by the Robert Koch Institute. The sample includes 2062 single mothers and 242 single fathers. Logistic and negative binomial regressions estimate the interrelation between social support and psychosocial strain (self-reported number of unhealthy days due to psychological strain in the last 4 weeks) and depression (12-month prevalence) for single parents (adjusted for family and socio-economic factors). Single mothers with low social support have a 2-fold statistical odds (OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.35-2.87) for at least one unhealthy day due to psychosocial strain compared to single mothers with strong social support. The odds for single fathers with low social support are 3.3-fold (95%-CI: 1.09-10.23). Furthermore, the number of unhealthy days increased by a factor of 1.4 (95%-CI: 1.20-1.66) for single mothers with low social support (IRR). The IRR for single fathers of the same group was 1.7-fold (95%-KI: 0.97-3.01). The odds of reported depression in the past twelve months is 1.8-fold (95%-CI: 1.18-2.67) for single mothers and 2.1 (95%-CI: 0.51-8.83) for single fathers with low social support compared to single parents with high social support. The results show that social support is an important resource for the mental health of single parents, regardless of other social circumstances. The results identify key populations to target for future health interventions. However, the correlations between social support and socio-economic status have to be explored further.

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References

2006Social Support and Health: A Review of Physiological Processes Potentially Underlying Links to Disease Outcomes 2003Stress, social support and depression in single and married mothers 2007Mental health problems among single and partnered mothers 2012Messung des sozioökonomischen Status in der Studie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA)2004The difference between single and married mothers in the 12-month prevalence of major depressive syndrome, associated factors and mental health service utilization 2006Is parenthood associated with mental health?2011Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in Lone Fathers and Mothers: Examining the Intersection of Gender and Family Structure on Mental Health 2007Depression and common mental disorders in lone parents: results of the 2000 National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

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