Models of Citizen Participation: Measuring Engagement and Collaboration

Mary M. Timney

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Public Policy and Administration Research Political Theory and Democracy Public Administration and Political Analysis

Abstract

In the original Government Is Us, I described three models of citizen participation that I had uncovered while doing research on energy policy in the 1980s (Timney 1998). Since then, I have expanded the three-passive → hybrid → active-to a graduated scorecard. This model rates different methods of citizen participation that can be used to judge the level of involvement of citizens in a public process and the extent to which they are genuinely part of the decision-making process.

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