PRASEJARAH AUSTRONESIA DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR: SEBUAH PANDANGAN AWAL

Truman Simanjuntak · M. Ruly Fauzi · Jean‐Christophe Galipaud · Fadhila A. Azis · Hallie R. Buckley

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Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies Archaeological and Geological Studies Maritime and Coastal Archaeology

Abstract

Abstrak. Tulisan ini menguraikan gambaran awal tentang kehidupan Penutur Austronesia dankarakter budaya neolitiknya di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur, berdasarkan penemuan-penemuan data baru yang dilengkapi dengan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Setidaknya di sekitar 3.000 – 2.000 BP berbagai pulau di wilayah ini sudah dihuni Penutur Austronesia. Mereka menghuni wilayah pantai dengan mata pencarian berburu dan meramu dengan penekanan pada pemanfaatan biota laut; mempraktekkan penguburan tempayan dan tanpa wadah; menggunakan peralatan beliung persegi dan peralatan litik lainnya; membuat alat-alat perhiasan (dari cangkang kerang, koral, dan biji-bijian); dan membuat kain dari kulit kayu. Kemiripan bentuk, pola serta variasi tinggalan arkeologis dari situs-situs neolitik di wilayah ini memperlihatkan komunitas antar-pulau telah terlibat kontak dan interaksi yang intensif di kala itu.Kata kunci: Austronesia, Neolitik, Nusa Tenggara Timur, karakter budaya, interaksi Abstract. Prehistoric Austronesian in East Nusa Tenggara Timur: a preliminary view. This articlediscusses a preliminary insight on the presence of the Austronesian Speakers and its neolithic culturein East Nusa Tenggara, based on our new discoveries completed with results from previous studies. At least around 3,000 – 2,000 BP most of islands in this region have been inhabited by Austronesianspeaking people. They inhabited coastal areas; practicing hunting and gathering with an emphasis on the exploitation of marine resources; practicing burial with and without jar; using polished stone adzes and other lithic tools; manufacturing body ornaments made from shells, coral, and seeds; and making cloth from barks. The similarity observed among the shapes, patterns and variations on archaeological remains from neolithic sites in this area reveal an intensive inter-island contacts and interactions between coastal communities during that period. Keywords: Austronesia, Neolitik, East Nusa Tenggara, cultural character, interaction

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