A vanished landscape – phenomena and eco-cultural consequences of extensive deforestation in the prehistory of Rapa Nui

Abstract

The complete deforestation of the widespread palm woodland on the mere 164 km² large Easter Island is among the worldwide most dramatic examples of anthropogenic environmental changes and its effects on a prehistoric human society. Most radiocarbon data seem to suggest that Rapa Nui remained untouched by humans until AD 1100 to 1300. Older radiocarbon data are scarce, but some data from newer investigations indicate human activities centuries before an assumed late colonization. The bleak silhouettes of volcanic craters and the millions of stones on the surface of the island intensify the impression of a barren landscape. Relics of several plant and animal species have been preserved in soils and sediments, in hearths and burnt layers, and in cooking and waste pits. Pollen is an important class of data for paleo botanical research. The palm woodland was the most important area for living, protection and culture during the earliest centuries.

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