Transitory and Enduring Disability Among Urban and Rural People

Rayna Amber Sage · Bryce Adam Ward · Andrew Myers · Craig Ravesloot

47 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Rural Health

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Health disparities and outcomes Disability Rights and Representation Public Health and Social Inequalities

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Disabilities are not evenly distributed across geography or age, yet few studies on disability have considered these factors. The purpose of this study was to explore rural-urban differences in disability rates, particularly related to gender and race, and what other rural-urban disparities help explain these differences. METHODS: Utilizing the 2008-2016 Current Population Survey (CPS), we first examined rural and urban disability trends by gender and race, estimating means and rural-urban percentage differences for men and women by race and conducting t test analysis to test group differences by age cohort (eg, comparing white, non-Hispanic, rural 15- to 24-year-old women to white, non-Hispanic, urban 15- to 24-year-old women). We then conducted a logistic regression to explore whether or not the effects of rurality on disability rates could be explained by rural-urban differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: Descriptively, rural people report disability at higher rates than urban people across nearly all age category, gender, and racial combinations. These differences are more pronounced for nonwhite respondents in middle to older age categories. Additionally, while some of the rural disability disparity can be explained by adding demographic and socioeconomic variables to the logistic regression model, the effect of rurality remains significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that when researchers, policy makers, and service providers are addressing rural and urban differences in health and well-being, self-reported disability is another factor to consider. Future work should be mindful of how disability and space intersect with gender and race, creating significant disparities for people of color in rural places.

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References

2017Mortality and Morbidity in the 21st Century 2008Disability Theory 2012Methods for the Scientific Study of Discrimination and Health: An Ecosocial Approach 2011CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report — United States, 2011 2003Does Racism Harm Health? Did Child Abuse Exist Before 1962? On Explicit Questions, Critical Science, and Current Controversies: An Ecosocial Perspective 2011Understanding how race/ethnicity and gender define age-trajectories of disability: An intersectionality approach 2015The Cost of Color: Skin Color, Discrimination, and Health among African-Americans 2013Widening Rural–Urban Disparities in All-Cause Mortality and Mortality from Major Causes of Death in the USA, 1969–2009

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