An evaluation of current scholarship in sport leadership: multilevel perspective

Abstract

A multilevel perspective can help to better understand the underrepresentation of women in sport leadership, as "sport organizations are multilevel entities that both shape and are shaped by myriad factors". From a societal (macro-level) perspective, this chapter reviews research that has examined institutionalized practices of gender in sport, including social expectations and stakeholder expectations of leadership and the gendered nature of leadership expectations within the domain of sport. At the organizational (meso) level, it examines the stereotyping of leaders, how organizational culture is constructed around gender, issues of discrimination, including those unsupportive of the work–family interface, and how gendered practices influence hiring and retention of women in leadership positions. From an individual (micro) level, the chapter turns toward women's expectations of and in leadership positions, turnover within leadership positions, and how internalized gendered stereotypes impact individual career selection and advancement.

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