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The employment of a country’s population depends on many factors and conditions, the main ones being the availability of labor resources, possessing a combination of physical and spiritual (intellectual) abilities allowing work, and the creation of a sufficient number of jobs in all spheres of activity of the national economy. Most of all, the solution to the problem of employment in our country depends on the state of the industrial sphere of activity of all sectors of the national economy (industry, agriculture, etc.), as well as on the required volume of domestic production, the level of supply and demand for it within the country and foreign markets. Therefore, the development of import substitution by our own production of products (production, industrial, equipment, etc.) will contribute to the formation of an expanded reproduction process in organizations and, accordingly, to provide employment for the working population. The article substantiates the theoretical provisions, criteria and factors for the development of import substitution and employment growth. The prerequisites for the success of import substitution, as well as the trends in Russia's export and import capacity of Russia's GDP, the parameters of import dependence and overall foreign economic dependence of Russia, its barriers to the development of import substitution and measures to overcome these barriers are identified.
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