Markedness and Faithfulness Constraints

Abstract

Objects and mechanisms called “constraints” have featured in many theories of the phonological and syntactic modules. However, the explicit bifurcation into “markedness and faithfulness” constraints is specifically found in Optimality Theory (OT; Prince and Smolensky 1993) and its developments (especially McCarthy and Prince 1999), as well as in theories based on OT (Stochastic OT: Boersma and Hayes 2001; Targeted Constraint Theory: Wilson 2001; OT with Candidate Chains: McCarthy 2007; Stratal OT: Bermúdez‐Otero, forthcoming; Kiparsky, forthcoming). So this chapter focuses on the things called “constraints” in OT (specifically the “classical OT” of Prince and Smolensky 1993 and McCarthy and Prince 1999). In particular, it focuses on OT constraints in the phonological module; there are also OT theories of the syntactic module and OT theories of morphology – they will not be discussed here.

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