Neighborhood environment, self-rated health and quality of life in Latin America

Luis Fernando Gómez · Carolina Soto-Salazar · María Fernanda Rodríguez García · Diana Celmira Parra

43 citations0/0 files storedHealth Promotion International

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Health disparities and outcomes Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

To conduct a systematic review examining the associations between neighborhood environments and self-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in the urban context of Latin America. We conducted a structured search of quantitative studies in three bibliographic databases published in Spanish, English, Portuguese and French from January 1990 to December 2015. We restricted the search to studies conducted in Latin-American cities with one million and more inhabitants. Eleven studies were finally included in the analysis. Ten were cross-sectional studies and one was a cohort follow-up study. Two studies found positive associations between accessibility to parks and HR-QOL. One study found that high neighborhood social capital was positively associated with SRH. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was positively associated with both HR-QOL and SRH in two studies. A walkable neighborhood was positively associated with SRH in two studies. Three studies included attributes related with neighborhood security perception and road safety, with higher scores of HR-QOL, both in the physical and mental dimensions, while high levels of street noise were negatively associated. Narrowness and slope of streets were negatively associated with SRH. No association was found between the perception of neighborhood security and SRH. The results of this systematic review show that several studies conducted in Latin America have found significant associations between neighborhood environment and SRH and HRQOL. However, the relatively small number of studies and the heterogeneity among them require further studies to better understand this topic in the region.

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References

1997Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Community Studies 2002Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?2007Informality : Exit and Exclusion 2006Objective and perceived neighborhood environment, individual SES and psychosocial factors, and self-rated health: An analysis of older adults in Cook County, Illinois 2004Cities and population health 2007Does social cohesion modify the association between area income deprivation and mental health? A multilevel analysis 2010Perceived and objective neighborhood environment attributes and health related quality of life among the elderly in Bogotá, Colombia 2013The association of neighbourhood and individual social capital with consistent self-rated health: a longitudinal study in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women

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