Articlehybrid2019

Emerging behavior problems: Bidirectional relations between maternal and paternal parenting styles with infant temperament.

Shannon M. O. Wittig · Christina Maria Rodriguez

68 citations0/0 files storedDevelopmental Psychology

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Attachment and Relationship Dynamics Infant Health and Development

Abstract

The present study examined bidirectional effects between maternal and paternal parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and infant temperament (negative affect, orienting/regulatory capacity, surgency) in a diverse sample of 201 mothers and 151 fathers. Using 3 waves of longitudinal data (prenatal, 6 months, and 18 months), this study examined (a) whether maternal and paternal parenting styles prospectively predicted infant temperament; (b) whether mother- and father-reported infant temperament domains predicted parenting styles at 18 months; and (c) whether infant temperament and parenting styles at 6 months predicted parent-reported externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors at 18 months. Mothers and fathers reported on their expected parenting styles at all three waves, infant temperament at 6 months, and their toddler's emerging internalizing and externalizing problems at 18 months. Prospective parenting style effects revealed that maternal authoritative and permissive parenting style predicted infant orienting/regulatory capacity. Child evocative effects indicated infant orienting/regulatory capacity and negative affect predicted greater maternal permissive parenting style. Significant prospective parenting style effects on infant temperament and child evocative effects on paternal parenting style were largely not observed. Several parenting styles and infant temperament domains at 6 months predicted toddlers' externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors but results differed by parent. Findings suggest maternal prenatal perceptions of parenting style predict infant temperament, but temperament can also affect subsequent parenting. More research is needed to identify fathers' bidirectional effects including how fathering is affected by their children's characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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References

1999Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives 1993Parenting style as context: An integrative model.1966EFFECTS OF AUTHORITATIVE PARENTAL CONTROL ON CHILD BEHAVIOR 2001Investigations of Temperament at Three to Seven Years: The Children's Behavior Questionnaire 1968A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization.2000Fatherhood in the Twenty-First Century 2017Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalizing problems of children and adolescents: An updated meta-analysis.2006Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire

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2020The relationship between parental behavior and infant regulation: A systematic review 2023Parents' childbearing motivations, parenting, and child adjustment: From pregnancy to 20‐months postpartum

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